Research sprint
Same Odds, Different Deals: Risk Framing and Collusion
Do AI agents avoid forbidden deals because of the real risk of being caught, or because of how that risk is described? I ran 26,820 preregistered decisions on DeepSeek-V3.2, GPT-4.1-mini and Llama-3.3-70B, keeping the odds of enforcement identical and changing only their framing.
Framing alone shifted collusion proposals by up to 71 percentage points. Live partners accepted none of the 180 proposals they received.
- 71 pts
- shift in proposals from framing alone
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